High Voltage Power Supply, Eht-11p-c1

Four Probe Setup, Dfp-rm-200nc

Description

The Four Probe Method is one of the standard and most widely used method for the measurement of resistivity. In its useful form, the four probes are collinear. The error due to contact resistance, which is significant in the electrical measurement on semiconductors, is avoided by the use of two extra contacts (probes) between the current contacts. In this arrangement the contact resistance may all be high compare to the sample resistance, but as long as the resistance of the sample and contact resistances are small compared with the effective resistance of the voltage measuring device (potentiometer, electrometer or electronic voltmeter), the measured value will remain unaffected. Because of pressure contacts, the arrangement is also specially useful for quick measurement on different samples or sampling different parts of the sample.

Description of Experimental Set-up:

1. Probes Arrangement: It has four individually spring loaded probes. The probes are collinear and equally spaced. The probes are mounted in a bush, which ensure a good electrical insulation between the probes. A spacer near the tips is also provided to keep the probes at equal distance. The probe arrangement is mounted in a suitable stand, which also holds the sample plate and thermocouple sensor. This stand also serves as the lid of PID Controlled Oven. Proper leads are provided for the current and voltage measurements.

2. PID Controlled Oven: The unit is a high quality PID controller wherein the temperatures can be set and controlled easily. The P, l and D parameters are factory set for immediate use however the user may adjust these for specific applications as well as autotune the oven whenever required. The steps for these are given in the user manual. Although the controller may be used either for our small oven, up to 200C or a larger oven up to 600C, however,

in the present setup only small oven is to be used. The controller uses thermocouple as temperature sensor.

Specifications of the Temperature Controller: The controller is designed around Autonics Temperature Controller Model TZN4S. Although this is a very versatile piece of equipment, below is a summary of the specifications that are relevant to the present application. The PID parameters are factory

set to a reasonable level (P = 1.8; I = 300; D = 80) for immediate operation of the unit.

Temperature Range: -190C to 200C

Oven: Specially designed for Four Probe Set-Up

Display Accuracy: +-0.3C

Sensor: Thermocouple (Chromel-Alumel)

Setting Type: Front push buttons

Display: 7 segment LED, two rows

Control Method: PID, PIDF, PIDS

Values: Process Value, PV and Set Value, SV

Temperature control range: Ambient to 200C

Power: 150W

3. Control Unit of Four Probe Setup: The unit comprises of two sections a totally isolated constant current source, and a grounded voltage measurement system. Features of these two sections are described below in some detail.

(A) Constant Current Source:

It is an IC regulated current generator that is galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit which is a basic requirement of four probe method. The isolation is achieved by using an optically coupled amplifier and associated circuits. This circuit sends a constant Current. To the changing resistance of the sample due to change in temp.

A judicious choice of the current setting as detailed in the user manual is necessary depending on the resistance value that is measured. Brief technical details of the current section are as under:

Current Range: 2 A, 20 A, 200 A, 2mA, 20mA and 200mA with over ranging

Open Circuit Voltage: 15V in the lower four ranges and 9V in the upper two

Accuracy : 0.25% of the reading 1 digit

4-line LCD display with indication when current needs decreasing

(b) Digital Voltmeter Section

The voltmeter is used to read the voltage developed between the middle pins of the four probe arrangement. A primary requirement is to have very high input resistance so that the measurement is not disturbed in case of high resistance samples. The input range of the voltmeter is thus limited by avoiding the use of any potential divider. Brief technical details are as under:

Voltage Range: 2mV, 20 mV, 200 mV, 2V with over ranging

Manual adjustment of Offset Voltage whenever current/voltage range is changed

Accuracy : 0.25% of the reading 1 digit

4-line LCD display with over voltage indication

In addition to the above, the Four Probe Setup as well as the PID Oven Unit may be connected to a computer for data logging purposes. Necessary hardware and software are included in the system.

The setup is complete in itself.

Advanced Digital Measurement

This Four Probe Setup provides high-precision digital readouts, allowing researchers to evaluate semiconductor resistivity with reliable accuracy. The intuitive interface streamlines data collection, making it ideal for laboratory environments where precision is paramount.


Robust Laboratory Construction

Engineered from durable electronic materials and finished in grey, the setup is built to withstand rigorous laboratory usage. Its 30 kg weight ensures stability during experiments and supports long-term operational integrity in demanding lab settings.

 Compensation Design, Cd-02

To grow our presence in current business stream, we are engaged as manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Compensation Design in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

# Design and test cascade compensator

# Simulated system for accurate results

# Built-in compensator gain only passive external components needed

# Built-in signal sources

Features and Specifications:

* Simulated uncompensated system having adjustable damping. Peak percent overshoot MP, variable from 20% to 50%, and steady state error variables from 50% to 0.5%

* Compensation network implementation through built-in variable gain amplifier. Gain is adjustable from 1 to 11

* Built-in square and sine wave generators for transient and frequency response studies. Frequency adjustable from 25Hz - 800Hz (approx.)

* 220V(+-)10%, 50Hz mains operation

* Complete in all respects, except a measuring CRO

Precision in Control Laboratory Experiments

The CD-02 Control Lab Trainer supports precise and reliable control laboratory experiments, enabling users to simulate various compensation designs efficiently. This instrument aids in deeper learning and analysis by offering robust digital displays and easy interface, making it an indispensable asset for academic and industrial laboratories.


Robust Build for Long-Term Laboratory Use

Crafted from durable electronic components, the CD-02 is built to withstand continuous laboratory use. Its substantial weight options (8 kg or 20 kg) ensure stability, while the grey color offers a professional finish. This trainer is engineered for longevity, providing consistent performance through repeated experimental cycles.


India-Based Manufacturer, Exporter & Supplier

As a leading manufacturer, exporter, and supplier of laboratory instruments from India, we guarantee the quality and reliability of the Compensation Design CD-02. Our rigorous manufacturing standards ensure each unit meets international benchmarks, making us a preferred partner for labs worldwide.

High Voltage Power Supply, Eht-11 

We manufacture, export and supply HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY to our clients in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. Power supply, EHT-11 principle of operation is entirely different from conventional supplies, and thereby eliminating many drawbacks; bulky high voltage transformer, need of high voltage components and excessive heating of components etc., associated with them. This power supply consists of a stable power oscillator whose output is controlled by an input signal. The output of this oscillator is boosted with the help of a step up transformer and then rectified and filtered. A portion of this output is compared with a high stability, temperature compensated reference and the error signal is used in the feedback path to control the oscillator's output.

There is a built-in protection against accidental overloading.

For high reliability, compactness and ruggedness, integrated circuits are extensively used along with a few discrete silicon devices. The components are mounted in a glass epoxy printed circuit card.

We have uniquely positioned ourselves as a dependable organization, engaged in offering a qualitative collection of High Voltage Power Supply. Our offered range is capable of finding extended applications in general laboratory and R&D labs. The range, offered by us is fabricated employing pneumatic mechanism and latest tools at our ultra-modern lab. Furthermore, the offered range is tested rigorously under the strict inspection of our quality analysts in order to eliminate defects, if any.

Highlights:

• Continuously variable
• Electronically regulated
• Fully solid state circuit
• Low power consumption

Applications:

EHT-11 is designed to meet the power requirements of a broad range of radiation detectors: G.M. Counters, lonization Chambers, Scintillation Detectors, Photo-multiplier Tubes and any application where a high voltage source with high degree of regulation and stability is required.

Specifications:

• Output: 0-1500V continuously adjustable
• Current: 1mA (max.)
• Polarity: +ve or -ve, as required
• Regulation: 0.05% for 0 to 1mA load
• Stabilization0.02% for 10% mains variation
• Display: 3 digit, 7 segment LED DPM
• Connection: Output through a amphenol connector on the front panel
• Protection: Fully protected against overload and short circuit by current limiting technique
• Power requirements: 220V10%, 50Hz

Precision Power Delivery

The EHT-11 High Voltage Power Supply stands out for its accuracy and consistency, fundamental for conducting reliable laboratory experiments. Designed to handle the sensitive needs of laboratory instruments, its digital display allows for clear monitoring and control of voltage output, ensuring experimental integrity and repeatable results every time.


Robust Design for Laboratory Use

Engineered with sturdy electronic materials and finished in a professional grey, the EHT-11 is built for durability and sustained use in demanding laboratory environments. Its compact size ensures easy installation on any standard laboratory bench, while weights of 5 kg and 20 kg provide flexible options for different lab setups.

Temperature control is an important application of control theory to industrial processes. This experiment has been designed to expose the students to such a practical control system, its various stages for control, and the tuning of a PID controller. The process consists of a small and fast responding oven which can be controlled in the temperature range from ambient to about 90^oC. Temperature readings may be taken manually on a 3 digit meter, mounted on the main unit, at regular intervals. A built-in digital timer having START, STOP and PAUSE switches on the panel makes the conduct of an experiment very simple. This design of the oven avoids expensive accessories like an X-Y recorder for conducting the experiment. A forced cooling arrangement has been provided to bring the oven temperature down to room temperature after every experiment. Since the oven may be cooled to the ambient relatively speedily, a number of cycles of experimentation are possible in the usual laboratory hours.

The oven is connected to the main unit through a four pin connector, two for the sensor output and the others for controller output to the heater. The main unit has provisions for configuring any type of controller such as P, PI, PD, PID or ON-OFF, and has potentiometer controls for PID coefficient settings. All supplies and metering system are built-in and no accessories are required. Open loop response of the oven is obtained by applying a step command with feedback disconnected. Temperature readings are noted and the plot so obtained provides the characteristics of the oven, i.e., its time constant and time delay.

The simplest form of controller is a relay which switches the oven ON and OFF. Presence of hysteresis is essential for avoiding excessive relay switching, of course at the cost of accuracy. The performance is studied here for the two hysteresis settings of the built- in electronic relay.

PID controllers may be set or tuned by many different methods. In this experiment the design method of Ziegler- Nichol is suggested for setting the coefficient potentiometers and the resulting response curve is studied. Other methods may also be used equally easily.

The literature accompanying the unit describes in detail the mathematical concepts, procedure for experiments and a few test results. A number of additional experiments may also be planned by the teacher using books and literature on this subject which is suggested in the references given.

All the above experiments may also be conducted on a PC through MATLAB using our optional interfacing accessory available along with the necessary literature.

Cutting-Edge Digital Display

The TCS-302 comes equipped with a digital display that offers accurate, real-time monitoring of temperature levels. This feature allows users to observe fluctuations and setpoints with clarity, making it an ideal choice for detailed demonstrations and experiments in control labs.


Durable and Reliable Construction

Constructed from high-quality electronic materials, the TCS-302 is built to withstand frequent handling in busy lab environments. Its robust design ensures longevity and consistent performance, lending itself well to repeated academic or research applications.


Optimized for Educational Use

Specially designed as a control lab trainer, the TCS-302 enables hands-on learning experiences. It helps students and researchers explore the dynamics of temperature control systems, making complex concepts more accessible and interactive.

Study Of Planck's Constant, Pca-01

We offer Study of Planck's Constant very useful for Physics and Material Science labs. Several proposals to measure the Plancks Constant for didactic purposes, using the current voltage (I-V) characteristics of a light emitting diode (LED) have been made quite regularly in the last few years. The physical interpretation however is not completely clear and this has raised many discussions, which have been published almost with same regularity as the proposals themselves.

the present experiment is based on diode current for V0, using the diode law.

l = l0 exp [-e(V0 V)/kT]

where, e is electronic charge, k is Boltzmann constant, T is absolute temperature and h is material constant which depends on the type of diode, the location of recombination region, etc.

The correct method to determine the real height of the potential energy barrier V0 is to directly measure the dependence of the current on temperature keeping the applied voltage V slightly below V0.

Compare with previous methods, this determination of V0 is more precise and more accurate and at the same time the physical interpretation is more transparent. The Plancks constant is then obtained by the relation

h = e V0/c

The set-up is a self contained unit. All the necessary facilities and measuring devices are built in a single unit, as a result only minimum of external connections need to be made.

Dependence of current (I) on temperature (T) at constant applied voltage (V)

The following facilities are built in for this

Current Meter:

• A highly stable current source with 3 digit display.
• Range: 0-2mA with resolution of 1mA

Oven, PCA-01:

• It is a small temperature controlled oven with built-in RTD sensor.
• Temperature adjustable from ambient to 338K
• Digital display of temperature
• High stability 1K
• Variable Voltage Source (0-2V)
• A high stability voltage source with 3 digit display.

Material Constant:

To draw I-V characteristics of LED for determination of a variable voltage source and a current meter are provided with 3 digit display.

The wavelength of light emitted by LED:

These are taken from LED datasheet or measured by a transmission grating, and are provided with the set of LEDs.

The experiment is complete in all respect.

Accurate Digital Measurement

The PCA-01 offers a digital display, enabling precise and straightforward readings during laboratory experiments. Its advanced electronics ensure consistent and reliable data, making it ideal for physics students and researchers analyzing Planck's constant.


Durable and User-Friendly Design

Manufactured with robust electronic materials, the PCA-01 is engineered for longevity and easy handling. With its grey finish and solid construction, the instrument can withstand regular use in busy academic or research environments.


Versatile Laboratory Application

Suitable for laboratory experiments and demonstrations, the PCA-01 serves as a valuable teaching aid. Its design fosters practical understanding, supporting both theoretical analysis and hands-on learning in electronics and physics courses.

Study Of Thermoluminescence Of F-centers Tlx-02 

Operating with an goal to achieve numerous requirements of the buyer, we are indulged in exporting, manufacturing and supplying of Study of Thermoluminescence of F-Centers in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

The experiment consists of the following:

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP FOR CREATING THERMOLUMINESCENCE

• Sample: KBr or KCl single crystal
• Thermolumniscence Temperature Meter, TL-02
• Digital Thermometer
• Oven Power Supply
• Sample Holder
• Thermoluniscence Oven (0-423K)
• Black Box

 

FOR MEASUREMENT OF LUMINESCENCE INTENSITY

•  Photomultiplier tube: R11558
• PMT Housing with biasing circuit and coaxial cables etc.
• High Voltage Power Supply, Model: EHT-11
• Output : 0-1500V variable (1mA max.)
• Regulation : 0.05%
• Display: 3 1/2 digit 7-segment LED
• Nanoammeter, Model DNM-121
• Range : 100nA to 100mA full scale in 4 ranges
• Accuracy : 0.2%.

 

Display: 3 1/2 digit 7-segment LED

Precision Instrument for Materials Research

The TLX-02's digital display technology and durable build make it an ideal choice for laboratory environments exploring electronic material properties. Researchers benefit from accurate and reproducible results essential for advanced studies.


Application in Laboratory Experiments

This instrument is primarily used in material science laboratories to investigate thermoluminescence in F-centers, contributing to a deeper understanding of defect centers and their applications in electronics.


Reliable, Made-in-India Laboratory Solution

As an exporter, manufacturer, and supplier based in India, the TLX-02 assures quality, reliability, and timely delivery, supporting laboratories both domestically and internationally.